tsarist

基本解釋

The signature says: “In tsarist Russia there was no children's dispensary. Nowadays there are 1700.
照片的配文說明為：“沙皇俄國時代，沒有一個兒童醫(yī)護所，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有了1700個。”
The most celebrated anti-Russian warlord, Shamil, surrendered in 1859 just down the road after Tsarist forces trapped him in the Dagestani village of Gunib.
反抗俄羅斯的最著名的首領，沙米爾，也是走著這條路，俄羅斯武裝在達吉斯坦的一個村莊把他抓獲，1859年投降。
The last copper copekcs of Tsarist Russia were minted in 1916.
沙皇俄國的最后一批銅制戈比鑄于1916年。

But just remember what went before: 74 years of communism and centuries of tsarist despotism.
ECONOMIST: Ten years on
The church was a pillar of the tsarist state, hounding pre-revolutionary dissenters such as Leo Tolstoy.
ECONOMIST: Russia
The Bolshevik revolution of 1917 promised to liberate all the subject peoples of the tsarist empire.
ECONOMIST: Special