infer

常用用法

infer的基本意思是“推斷,推知”,多指讀者、聽(tīng)者或旁觀(guān)者在所見(jiàn)所聞的事物中推論出某事的內(nèi)涵。引申則表示“意味著”。
infer可用作及物動(dòng)詞,也可用作不及物動(dòng)詞。用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)可接名詞或從句作賓語(yǔ)。
infer賓語(yǔ)后接介詞from表示“從…推斷出”,賓語(yǔ)是從句時(shí), from短語(yǔ)可以提前。
infer的過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞均為inferred。

這幾個(gè)詞的共同意思是“推斷”。其區(qū)別在于:infer指從不太充分的論據(jù)或前提中推斷出結(jié)論; conclude指通過(guò)推理或判斷而得出結(jié)論; deduce指有充分根據(jù)地推論或邏輯上地演繹; gather指綜合事物得出印象或感想等; judge通常指經(jīng)過(guò)仔細(xì)鑒定或評(píng)價(jià)之后作出的決斷。例如:
From his a manner of dress and style of living,I gather that he is man of considerable means.從他的穿著式樣和生活方式,我揣想他是個(gè)相當(dāng)富有的人。
She had concluded from that her grandmother did not like her.她已從那一點(diǎn)得出結(jié)論,斷定她祖母不喜歡她。
If you saw a doctor leaving a house, you might deduce the fact that someone in the house was ill.你要是看到醫(yī)生從一家出來(lái),你就可以推想那家有人生病。
We see smoke and infer fire.我們看到煙,從而推斷有火。
Judging from what you said, they ought to succeed.從你說(shuō)的情況看來(lái),他們應(yīng)當(dāng)能成功。

這組詞都與“暗示”有關(guān):imply指作者或講演者用某種方式暗示的意思; 而infer是指讀者或聽(tīng)眾從“暗示”中推斷。例如:
The speaker or writer implies things; the listener or reader infers things.講演者和作者暗示事情,聽(tīng)者和讀者則從中推斷事情。