hard
音標(biāo)發(fā)音
- 英式音標(biāo) [hɑ?d]
- 美式音標(biāo) [hɑ?rd]
- 國(guó)際音標(biāo) [hɑ:d]
- 英式發(fā)音
- 美式發(fā)音
基本解釋
- adj. 努力的；硬的；困難的；辛苦的；確實(shí)的；嚴(yán)厲的；猛烈的；冷酷無(wú)情的
- adv. 努力地；困難地；辛苦地；接近地；猛烈地；牢固地
- n. （Hard）人名；(英、芬、瑞典)哈德
詞源解說(shuō)
- 直接源自古英語(yǔ)的heard，意為固體的，結(jié)實(shí)的，不軟的；最初源自原始日耳曼語(yǔ)的kharthus。
同根派生
- adj性質(zhì)的同根詞
- hardened：變硬的；堅(jiān)定的。
- hardy：堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的；勇敢的；能吃苦耐勞的；魯莽的。
- n性質(zhì)的同根詞
- hardship：困苦；苦難；艱難險(xiǎn)阻。
- hardness：[物]硬度；堅(jiān)硬；困難；冷酷。
- hardy：強(qiáng)壯的人；耐寒植物；方柄鑿。
- hardening：硬化；淬火；鍛煉。
- v性質(zhì)的同根詞
- hardened：堅(jiān)定，變硬（harden的過(guò)去分詞）。
- hardening：硬化；使強(qiáng)壯（harden的ing形式）。
- vi性質(zhì)的同根詞
- harden：變硬，變堅(jiān)固；變堅(jiān)強(qiáng)；變冷酷。
- vt性質(zhì)的同根詞
- harden：使…變硬；使…堅(jiān)強(qiáng)；使…冷酷；使…麻木不仁。
用法辨析
- hard作“困難的”解時(shí),指要消耗很大的體力去做某事,有時(shí)也指精神上的困難。
- hard還可表示“費(fèi)力的,費(fèi)神的,艱難的” “持強(qiáng)硬態(tài)度的,不妥協(xié)的,不讓步的” “有力的,猛烈的,嚴(yán)厲的” “困苦的,難以忍受的” “(聲音)刺耳的,(顏色)刺目的” “酒精含量高的”等。
- hard在句中可用作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ),其后可跟for〔to, with〕等介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式、that從句。
- hard是對(duì)主語(yǔ)具有評(píng)價(jià)意義的形容詞,說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)在哪方面“難”。接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí),句子的主語(yǔ)不是該不定式的主語(yǔ),而是該不定式的賓語(yǔ)。
- hard修飾動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞,位于實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之后。
- hard一般表示“困難的”。This is a hard question to answer. 這是個(gè)難題，不好回答。
- hard在hard of hearing（有些聾的）中有特殊含義“艱難的”，注意不適合用在別處；
- hard后可接of和表示動(dòng)作的名詞。This food is hard of digestion. 這個(gè)食物很難消化。
- 注意hard一般不會(huì)和impossible連用，可選擇將difficult同impossible連用。It is hard, if not impossible. 這個(gè)表達(dá)是錯(cuò)誤的。
adj. (形容詞)
adv. (副詞)
英漢例句
- Make a hard knot.
打一個(gè)結(jié)實(shí)的結(jié)。 - That's a hill hard to climb.
那是座難爬的山。 - This bit of wood feels hard.
這塊木頭摸起來(lái)很硬。 - This job will be hard for me.
這工作對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)將會(huì)是很困難的。 - The poem is hard to understand.
這首詩(shī)難懂。 - This candy is so hard that no one can chew it.
這種糖太硬,沒(méi)人嚼得動(dòng)。 - It's hard to know what he's really thinking.
很難知道他到底在想什么。 - Regular physical exercises soon made the boys hard.
經(jīng)常的運(yùn)動(dòng)使那些男孩的身體很快變結(jié)實(shí)了。 - They tried hard to succeed.
他們盡力設(shè)法取得成功。
用作形容詞 (adj.)
用作定語(yǔ): ～+ n.
n. +～
用作表語(yǔ): S+be+～
S+be+～+ prep .-phrase
S+be+～+(for sb) to- v
S+be+～+that-clause
It is/was+～+(for sb) to- v
用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ): S+V+O+～
用作副詞 (adv.)
用作狀語(yǔ)
詞組短語(yǔ)
- hard bargain 大肆討價(jià)還價(jià)
- hard customer 挑剔的顧客
- hard face 難看的臉
- hard heart 鐵石心腸
- hard job 艱苦的工作
用作形容詞 (adj.)
～+名詞
英英字典
- (SOLID) not easy to bend, cut, or break
- (DIFFICULT) difficult to understand, do, experience, or deal with
- (USING EFFORT) needing or using a lot of physical or mental effort
- (SEVERE) not pleasant or gentle; severe
- (ALCOHOL) A hard drink contains a high level of alcohol.
- (WATER) Hard water contains a high level of minerals that prevent soap from cleaning.
- (CLEAR) able to be proved
- (WEATHER) used to describe a time when there is bad weather
- (USING EFFORT) with a lot of physical or mental effort
- (WEATHER) If it rains or snows hard, it rains or snows a lot.
- Something that is hard is very firm and stiff to touch and is not easily bent, cut, or broken.
- hardness
- Something that is hard is very difficult to do or deal with.
- If you work hard doing something, you are very active or work intensely, with a lot of effort.
- Hard is also an adjective.
- Hard work involves a lot of activity and effort.
- If you look, listen, or think hard, you do it carefully and with a great deal of attention.
- Hard is also an adjective.
- If you strike or take hold of something hard, you strike or take hold of it with a lot of force.
- Hard is also an adjective.
- You can use hard to indicate that something happens intensely and for a long time.
- If a person or their expression is hard, they show no kindness or sympathy.
- If you are hard on someone, you treat them severely or unkindly.
- Hard is also an adverb.
- If you say that something is hard on a person or thing, you mean it affects them in a way that is likely to cause them damage or suffering.
- If you have a hard life or a hard period of time, your life or that period is difficult and unpleasant for you.
- hardness
- Hard evidence or facts are definitely true and do not need to be questioned.
- Hard drugs are very strong illegal drugs such as heroin or cocaine.
- If you say that something is hard going, you mean it is difficult and requires a lot of effort.
- To be hard hit by something means to be affected very severely by it. ...
- If someone plays hard to get, they pretend not to be interested in another person or in what someone is trying to persuade them to do.
劍橋英英字典
柯林斯英英字典
專(zhuān)業(yè)釋義
- （貨幣）可兌換黃金的
- （錢(qián)幣）金屬制的
- 硬的
- 結(jié)實(shí)又硬的
- （身體）結(jié)實(shí)的
- 到極限地
- 安定的，難合成的；(化學(xué)制品)難分解的
- （洗滌劑等）非生物降解性的
- 硬的
- (x射線等)具強(qiáng)大穿透力的，硬(性)的
- (飛行器著陸)硬的，碰撞的
- 設(shè)重防的；(導(dǎo)彈發(fā)射場(chǎng)等)設(shè)于地下的
- （底片等）高反差的
- 堅(jiān)硬的
- 硬的